![]() Stage 4 has greater than 50% delta waves and is sometimes referred to as delta sleep because of the slow brain waves that occur during this time. It is a transitional period between light sleep and very deep sleep. Stage 3 sleep is characterized by 20%-50% slow brain waves known as delta waves. Deeper slow-wave sleep includes stages 3 and 4. During stage 2, body temperature starts to decrease and heart rate begins to slow. Stage 2 lasts for approximately 20 minutes and involves mixed-frequency brain waves with rapid bursts of rhythmic brain wave activity known as sleep spindles. This period of sleep lasts only 5-10 minutes and is characterized by mixed frequency theta waves (very slow brain waves) slow, rolling eye movements and slightly reduced eye movement and chin electromyography (EMG). Stage 1 sleep, the beginning of the sleep cycle, is considered a transition period between wakefulness and sleep. Light sleep includes stages 1 and stages 2 in the sleep cycle. Normal sleep architecture is characterized by cycles of light sleep, deeper slow-wave sleep, and REM sleep. ![]()
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